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Turkish Land Forces
The Turkish Land Forces ((トルコ語:Türk Kara Kuvvetleri)), or Turkish Army ((トルコ語:Türk Ordusu)), is the main branch of the Turkish Armed Forces responsible for land-based military operations. Official claims state that the army was founded by Modu Chanyu in 209 BC, but the modern history of the army began with its formation after the collapse of the Ottoman Empire. Significant events since the foundation of the Army include combat in the Korean War and in the 1974 Turkish invasion of Cyprus, and acting as a NATO bulwark along Cold War frontiers through 1992. The army holds the preeminent place within the armed forces. It is customary for the Chief of the General Staff of the Republic of Turkey to have been the Commander of the Turkish Land Forces prior to his appointment as Turkey's senior ranking officer. Alongside the other two armed services, the Turkish Army has frequently intervened in Turkish politics, which has now been regulated to an extent with the reform of the National Security Council. The current commander of the Turkish Land Forces is General Salih Zeki Çolak.〔(Autobiography of General Salih Zeki Çolak ) in the official website of the Turkish Land Forces. 〕
In 2010 the International Institute for Strategic Studies estimated that the Turkish Army had an established strength of approximately 402,000 active personnel, consisting of 77,000 professionals and 325,000 conscripts.〔IISS 2010, pages 164-168〕 A more recent estimate (2012) put the figure at 391,000.〔(defence.gov.au ) TURKEY - DEFENCE MARKET PROFILE, 2012〕 However, In October 2014 the Turkish Land Forces had a strength of 315,000 personnel according to TLF's declaration.〔(Turkish Armed Forces Personnel ) 2014, Official Turkish Armed Forces website (In Turkish)〕
As of late 2015, reports suggest the Turkish Army (along with the rest of the Armed Forces) have seen their personnel strengths increase to similar levels of the 2000's. Factors contributing to this are further destabilization of Syria and Iraq due to ISIS and the Russian intervention in Syria, as-well as the re-emergence of a PKK insurgency in Turkey's south east.〔http://www.hurriyet.com.tr/genelkurmay-personel-sayisini-acikladi-28336770〕〔http://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-34732235〕〔http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2015/11/03/u-s-brings-dogfighters-to-counter-russians-over-syria.html〕 Aside from sheer size the Turkish Army it is noted that the Army maintains a highly combat-ready and disciplined structure. 〔http://www.globalresearch.ca/turkey-goes-to-war-plan-to-annex-sovereign-syrian-territory/5487205〕 〔http://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/turkish-army-is-unbelievable-says-nato-commander.aspx?pageID=238&nID=36267&NewsCatID=338〕 Bordering some of the most dangerous regions of the world, combating a two-front conflict in south-eastern Turkey against prolonged PKK insurgency and maintaining border security against ISIS as-well as participation in ISAF has contributed to the Turkish Army in terms of experience.
==History==
(詳細はJanissary corps) had been formed. In the same year, one of the prominent Pan-Turanists, Nihal Atsız, asserted that the Turkish Army had been founded in 209 BC, when Mete Khan of the Xiongnu is thought to have formed an army based on the decimal system.〔Nihal Atsız, "Türk Kara Ordusu Ne Zaman Kuruldu?", ''Orkun'', Sayı: 18 (15 Temmuz 1963)〕 In 1968, Yılmaz Öztuna proposed this theory to Cemal Tural, who was the Chief of the General Staff of the Republic of Turkey at the time.〔Yılmaz Öztuna, "Türk Ordusu 605 yıl önce kurulmadı", ''Hayat Tarih Mecmuası'', Sayı: 8 (Ekim 1968)〕 In 1973, when the Turkish Army celebrated the 610th anniversary of its foundation, Nihal Atsız published his claim again.〔Nihal Atsız, "Türk Karaordusunun Kuruluşu Meselesi", ''Ötüken'', Sayı: 4 (1973)〕 After the 1980 Turkish coup d'état, the Turkish Army formally adopted the date 209 BC as its year of foundation.〔(Turkish Land Forces )〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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